{"id":61495,"date":"2023-01-01T14:09:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T14:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/?p=61495"},"modified":"2023-11-03T05:42:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T05:42:54","slug":"lithium-air-battery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/lithium-air-battery\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de pilas de litio-aire: ventajas e inconvenientes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"61495\" class=\"elementor elementor-61495\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-853b348 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"853b348\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e9d1b1\" data-id=\"8e9d1b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6bf6c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-woocommerce-breadcrumb\" data-id=\"f6bf6c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">Inicio<\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a90d70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a90d70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-043dfce\" data-id=\"043dfce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af24384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af24384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lithium air battery types - advantages and disadvantages<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6a1a4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6a1a4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c974243\" data-id=\"c974243\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eed1dd elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"5eed1dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:&quot;.paichu_post&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5eed1dd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5eed1dd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__5eed1dd\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa4e938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa4e938\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b71e54d\" data-id=\"b71e54d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b148eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b148eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px\"><p><strong>Lithium air battery<\/strong> uses oxygen as the cathode reactant and metal lithium as the anode. It has a high theoretical energy density (3500wh\/kg), and its actual energy density can reach 500-1000wh\/kg, which is much higher than the conventional lithium-ion battery system.<\/p><p>Lithium air battery is composed of cathode, electrolyte and anode. In the non-aqueous battery system, pure oxygen is mostly used as the reaction gas at present, so lithium air battery can also be called lithium oxygen battery.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a42de uael-aspect-ratio-16_9 uael-youtube-subscribe-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-video\" data-id=\"22a42de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__outer-wrap  uael-video-type-youtube\" data-device=\"false\" data-vsticky=\"no\" data-hidedesktop=\"\" data-hidetablet=\"\" data-hidemobile=\"\" data-vsticky-viewport=\"0\" data-autoplay=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video-inner-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xz7jWiQoKA8?rel=0&amp;start&amp;end&amp;controls=1&amp;mute=0&amp;modestbranding=0&amp;autoplay=1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uael-video__thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Xz7jWiQoKA8\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/img>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play-icon uael-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/YouTube_play_button_icon_2013\u20132017.svg-21.webp\" alt=\"youtube play button\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9cf005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9cf005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px\"><p>In 1996, Abraham et al successfully assembled the first non-aqueous lithium air battery in the laboratory. Then researchers began to pay attention to the internal electrochemical reaction and mechanism of non-aqueous lithium air battery; In 2002, Read et al. found that the electrochemical performance of lithium air battery depends on the electrolyte solvent and air cathode material;<\/p><p>In 2006, Ogasawara et al. used a mass spectrometer to prove for the first time that Li2O2 was oxidized and released oxygen during charging, which confirmed the electrochemical reversibility of Li2O2. Lithium air battery has therefore received a lot of attention and rapid development.<\/p><h2 id=\"Lithium-air-battery-composition-and-working-mechanism\">Lithium air battery composition and working mechanism<\/h2><p>Metal-air batteries, since their main active substance, oxygen, comes from the atmosphere, do not require special containers for storage, thus reducing the overall mass of the battery, allowing the battery to have enough space to provide more energy. In theory, the capacity of the battery depends only on the capacity of the anode metal material.<\/p><p>However, among most metal anodes, lithium metal has the lightest mass (Mw = 6.94 g mol-1, \u03c1 = 0.535 g cm-3) and an electronegativity of \u20123.045 V (compared to the SHE potential of a standard hydrogen electrode) , the theoretical specific capacity of lithium metal is 3860mAh\/g,<\/p><p>Based on this calculation, the theoretical specific energy density of the lithium-air battery is 5,200 Wh\/kg (considering the oxygen mass of the active material) or 11,400 Wh\/kg (calculated by excluding the oxygen mass of the active material), its specific energy density is close to that of traditional gasoline (about 13,200 Wh\/kg), and about 5 to 10 times that of traditional lithium-ion secondary batteries. It&#8217;s all in theory here.<\/p><h2 id=\"The-main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries\">The main types of lithium air batteries<\/h2><p>Lithium air battery, the cathode is a pure metal lithium sheet, which contains a large amount of catalyst air positive electrode and electrolyte. The type of electrolyte is different, and its working process is also slightly different.<\/p><p>According to the electrolyte system, lithium air battery is mainly divided into organic electrolytic liquid (non-aqueous electrolyte system), aqueous electrolyte system, mixed electrolyte system and all-solid electrolyte system.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61505\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries.jpg\" alt=\"Main types of lithium air batteries\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Main-types-of-lithium-air-batteries-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p><p>Overall, lithium air batteries can be divided into six categories: organic systems, Aqueous, ionic liquid systems, organic-aqueous dual electrolyte systems, all-solid-state systems, and lithium-air-supercapacitor batteries.<\/p><h3 id=\"Aqueous-lithium-air-battery\">Aqueous lithium air battery<\/h3><p>Aqueous electrolyte lithium air battery, the electrolyte is a variety of aqueous solutions with different pH values, in different acidic and alkaline electrolytes, the chemical reactions of the battery are also different. Since metal lithium can undergo violent redox reactions with water, it is necessary to coat a layer of lithium ion conduction film stable to water on the surface of metal lithium, that is, NASICON type super lithium ion conduction film (LTAP) Li3M2(PO)4. However, it is not stable in contact with lithium, and the reaction product will increase the interfacial impedance between the two.<\/p><p>The concept of Aqueous lithium air battery was put forward earlier, it does not have the problem of air electrode reaction products clogging the air electrode in the organic system, however, the protection of lithium anode has not been well resolved, including the stability of LTAP in aqueous solution, which is still the research direction of this system. Lithium metal is severely corroded in aqueous electrolytes, and the self-discharge rate is particularly high, making the battery cycle and Coulombic efficiency very low.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Organic-lithium-air-battery.jpg\" alt=\"Organic lithium air battery\" width=\"1000\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Organic-lithium-air-battery.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Organic-lithium-air-battery-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Organic-lithium-air-battery-768x445.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Organic-lithium-air-battery-600x347.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p><h3 id=\"Organic-lithium-air-battery\">Organic lithium air battery<\/h3><p>The system uses lithium metal as the anode, oxygen as the cathode, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based polymer as the electrolyte (solvent PC, EC), the open circuit voltage (OCV) is about 3V, and the specific energy (not included in the battery case) is 250-350Wh\/kg.<\/p><p>Since the organic solvent is used as the electrolyte, the corrosion problem of metal lithium is solved, and the battery exhibits good charge and discharge performance. The air electrode is made of carbon, binder, non-carbon catalyst, and solvent, which are evenly mixed and coated on the metal mesh.<\/p><p>The prepared air electrode should have good electronic conductivity (&gt;1S\/cm), ion conductivity (&gt;10~2 S\/cm) and oxygen diffusion coefficient. The most obvious factors affecting battery performance are the electrode material of the air electrode, the oxygen reduction mechanism, and the corresponding kinetic parameters.<\/p><p>Among the above reaction products, only the reaction of lithium peroxide Li2O2 is reversible, in other words, researchers need to try their best to increase the proportion of lithium peroxide in the reaction and reduce the proportion of lithium oxide in order to realize the cycle charge and discharge capability of lithium air battery.<\/p><p>There is no unanimous opinion on the factors that specifically determine the type of product. Some think that the polarization level of the air electrode affects the ratio of peroxide, some think that the catalyst has a greater influence, and some think that the electrolyte material plays a major role.<\/p><h3 id=\"Aqueous-organic-two-liquid-system-lithium-air-battery\">Aqueous-organic two-liquid system lithium air battery<\/h3><p>Aqueous-the basic form of lithium air battery of organic two-liquid system, the anode metal lithium in the battery is in the organic electrolyte, the electrolyte on one side of the cathode air electrode is KOH aqueous solution, and the middle is separated by a super lithium ion conductive glass film (lithium super-ionic conductor glass film, LISICON).<\/p><p>The novelty of this new configuration lithium air battery is that there is no need to worry about the air electrode reaction product clogging the micropores of the electrode in the organic system, and the oxygen in the aqueous phase is reduced to water-soluble LiOH on the air electrode. The diaphragm, a key component in the technology, has poor alkali resistance, and its resistance is related to the discharge current density, which is an unsatisfactory difficulty in this technical route.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery.jpg\" alt=\"All-solid-state lithium air battery\" width=\"1000\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery-300x245.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery-768x626.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery-600x489.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p><h3 id=\"All-solid-state-lithium-air-battery\">All solid state lithium air battery<\/h3><p>All solid-state lithium air battery, the electrolyte in the middle is composed of 3 parts, the middle layer has the largest proportion of glass ceramics with good water resistance, and there are two thin layers of different polymer materials near the lithium anode and the oxygen cathode.<\/p><p>The all-solid lithium air battery has no liquid leakage problem, and the safety has been improved. However, the contact between the solid electrolyte and the lithium anode, the air electrode, and the interior of the solid electrolyte will not be as close as that of the liquid electrolyte, which may cause an increase in the internal resistance of the battery. Compared with the organic system lithium air battery, the structure of the system is also more complicated.<\/p><p>The development of solid-state lithium air battery has experienced the working temperature from high temperature to medium temperature and room temperature, and the battery structure from complex to simple. The battery reaction is from the generation of discharge products at the anode based on oxygen ion transport to the process of producing discharge products at the cathode based on lithium ion transport.<\/p><p>Nevertheless, due to the huge gap in rate performance, the current solid-state lithium air battery based on lithium ion transport needs to make further breakthroughs in battery structure, interface regulation, charge and discharge mechanism, etc.<\/p><h3 id=\"Ionic-liquid-system-lithium-air-battery\">Ionic liquid system lithium air battery<\/h3><p>What is an ionic liquid, a salt solution composed of organic cations and anions. The aim is to use the cations in the electrolyte to transfer charge between the lithium anode and the oxygen cathode.<\/p><p>Ionic liquids have been introduced into lithium air batteries due to their low flammability, hydrophobicity, low vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window and high thermal stability, however, its high viscosity and high price limit the further application of ionic liquids to a certain extent.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery.jpg\" alt=\"Advantages and disadvantages of lithium air battery\" width=\"1000\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery-600x314.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-lithium-air-battery\">Advantages and disadvantages of lithium air battery<\/h2><p><strong>Advantage<\/strong><\/p><p>1) Low cost, the cathode active material uses oxygen in the air, no storage or purchase cost is required, and the air electrode uses cheap carbon carriers.<\/p><p>2) High energy density, compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, lithium air battery has an energy density of 5,200 Wh\/kg, and its energy density can reach 11,140 Wh\/kg without counting the mass of oxygen, which is an order of magnitude higher than existing battery systems.<\/p><p>3)Environmentally friendly, lithium air battery does not contain toxic substances such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, and is an environmentally friendly battery system.<\/p><p><strong>Disadvantage<\/strong><\/p><p>Generally speaking, there is a large proportion of irreversible components in the lithium air battery reaction product, which is an unavoidable problem that cannot be avoided by various technical routes and must be solved head-on. The shortcomings in each technical route have basically been mentioned in the classification and existing problems, and will not be repeated here.<\/p><p>Other lithium-ion battery knowledge articles include, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/what-is-ternary-lithium-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\">ternery lithium battery<\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/which-rechargeable-aa-batteries-should-i-choose\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\">aa lithium batteries<\/span><\/span><\/a>, etc.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5139715 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5139715\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccabfaf\" data-id=\"ccabfaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41c1843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41c1843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Related post<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73449a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73449a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a736693\" data-id=\"a736693\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-702ac40 elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"702ac40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-56591 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-battery-industry category-best-list tag-battery tag-battery-cell tag-energy\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/zinc-air-battery-companies\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Top-5-zinc-air-battery-companies-in-China-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-56635\" alt=\"Top 5 zinc-air battery companies in China\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Top-5-zinc-air-battery-companies-in-China-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Top-5-zinc-air-battery-companies-in-China-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Top-5-zinc-air-battery-companies-in-China-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Top-5-zinc-air-battery-companies-in-China.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/zinc-air-battery-companies\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tTop 5 zinc air battery companies in China\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tnoviembre 2, 2022\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo hay comentarios\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/zinc-air-battery-companies\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre Top 5 zinc air battery companies in China\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-55106 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-battery-industry category-battery-materials category-electric-car-battery tag-battery\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/aluminum-air-battery\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-analysis-of-the-development-of-aluminum-air-battery-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-55186\" alt=\"2022 analysis of the development of aluminum air battery\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-analysis-of-the-development-of-aluminum-air-battery-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-analysis-of-the-development-of-aluminum-air-battery-768x576.jpg 768w, 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newly battery technology\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Comprehensive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Comprehensive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Comprehensive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Comprehensive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/exhaustive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tExhaustive analysis on zinc-air batteries &#8211; a newly battery technology\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tjulio 21, 2022\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo hay comentarios\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/exhaustive-analysis-on-zinc-air-batteries-a-newly-battery-technology\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre Exhaustive analysis on zinc-air batteries &#8211; a newly battery technology\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tipos de bater\u00edas de litio-aire: ventajas e inconvenientes \u00cdndice La bater\u00eda de litio-aire utiliza ox\u00edgeno como reactante cat\u00f3dico y litio met\u00e1lico como \u00e1nodo. Tiene una alta densidad energ\u00e9tica te\u00f3rica (3500wh\/kg), y su densidad energ\u00e9tica real puede alcanzar los 500-1000wh\/kg, muy superior a la del sistema convencional de bater\u00edas de iones de litio. Bater\u00eda de litio-aire<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[142,211,168,151],"tags":[7,8,130,153],"class_list":["post-61495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-battery-storage","category-lithium-battery-technology","category-lithium-ion-battery-industry","category-lithium-ion-battery-knowledge","tag-battery","tag-energy","tag-lithium-battery","tag-lithium-ion-battery"],"modified_by":"tycorun666","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61495\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takomabattery.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}