Battery production process and equipment innovation

Battery production process and equipment innovation

As the demand for batteries continues to soar and battery material system continues to upgrade, the battery production process will inevitably face an upgrade.
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In the past ten years, the lithium battery industry has changed from semi-automatic to stand-alone automation, and then gradually moved towards full automation and intelligence. There are few major changes in the battery production process during this process.

However, as the demand for batteries continues to soar by more than 100% per year and the battery material system continues to upgrade, the battery production process will inevitably face an upgrade to adapt to changes in the battery production scale and battery system. Correspondingly, battery equipment, as an important part of the lithium battery industry, has also ushered in new opportunities for breakthroughs.

Development trend of battery production process and equipment

In the future, the development trend of energy storage batteries will develop from a single small cell to a larger capacity. Lithium battery production equipment companies must ensure the manufacturing accuracy and high manufacturing efficiency of this large battery cell. While the mechanism is enlarged and the compatibility is improved, the processing accuracy of parts and assembly accuracy of components should be improved accordingly.

To solve the problem of large-scale manufacturing of lithium batteries, the efficiency of equipment must first be improved. The production efficiency of lithium battery equipment is mainly solved from two aspects.

One is to increase the production speed of the equipment and use faster and more stable structures and control methods; the other is to reduce the time consumed by equipment operations, that is, auxiliary time. From this point of view, the update and iteration of lithium battery production equipment is developing in the direction of large-scale, high-precision, high-reliability, and integrated intelligence.

Development trend of battery production process and equipment

From the perspective of lithium battery production process optimization, integrated intelligent equipment has higher production stability, higher automation, and more comprehensive and powerful adaptability to the battery production process than stand-alone equipment. At the same time, the integrated intelligent equipment also plays a key role in reducing the cost of manpower and land for manufacturing enterprises, shortening the process connection and reducing the loss of materials.

Deep integration of battery materials technology and battery production technology

Throughout the battery production process, it is the process from nano-scale material processing operations to meter-scale device production and processing. In the past, lithium battery production mainly focused on the control of equipment manufacturing efficiency, manufacturing quality and cost based on Newtonian mechanics. The main control was the physical position, speed, acceleration, inertia, friction, resistance and other parameters of materials.

Relatively speaking, these controls are macroscopic, and the visibility and observability of the process are relatively easy to control. Based on the fact that the battery is a process of ion migration under the action of an electric field inside, and the process of electron transfer is reflected externally. Such a process decision must be made from a microscopic point of view, using quantum mechanics to control the process of battery production and use.

Consider the evolution of battery structure and composition after battery production and manufacture, the transport behavior of electrons and ions, the impact of interface problems and performance scale effects on batteries, the changes in the interface of batteries during charging and discharging, and the performance and scale changes of the process. It is necessary to consider the coupling effect between internal molecules and ions, temperature effect and shape volume change, and then control the safety, self-discharge, cycle life, energy density and power density of the battery.

Deep integration of battery materials technology and battery production technology

This requires more consideration of the thermodynamics, kinetics and stability of the battery production process from a microscopic point of view. However, there is currently no complete theoretical model for the management and control of these complex processes in terms of battery production. This is a problem of multi-physics coupling, multivariate, heterogeneous data, multi-scale shape control, inherent law of control, and massive data management issues.

The methods that can be adopted are machine learning and optimization modeling methods based on qualitative trend analysis and big data modeling, using the theory of quantum mechanics to find out the internal scientific laws of batteries, and carry out process optimization, decision-making and control.

Establish analysis methods and evaluation methods to achieve reconfigurable, large-scale, and customized battery production. Ultimately solve ion migration, heat generation and heat transfer, internal pressure control, realize process deformation, SEI film, lithium dendrite control and other issues.

Integration of battery production and changes in manufacturing principles

The previous section discusses the microscopic issues to be considered in battery production from the perspective of microscopic quantum. The generalized state variables are used to quantify the electrochemical process of the battery for the multi-physics control process of coupled electrochemical reactions in the lithium-ion battery between the macro and the micro.

Using the smooth particle dynamics numerical simulation technology of multi-directional flow, a numerical model that can consider the mesoscopic microstructure of the electrode is developed to simulate the ion concentration field inside the battery during the discharge process. The distribution of microscopic details such as solid and liquid phase potential fields and switching current density, as well as the macroscopic performance of batteries such as output voltage, etc.

Integration of battery production and changes in manufacturing principles

Based on this, the basic physical and chemical mechanism of the battery charge and discharge process, the relationship between the macro performance of the battery and the particle size of the solid active material that constitutes the electrode can be analyzed and revealed.

Dry electrode manufacturing is the integration of mixing, stirring, coating, drying, rolling and other processes in electrode manufacturing under the guidance of the kinetic theory of mesoscopic particles. The integration of laser die-cutting and winding, the integration of laser die-cutting and stacking, and the merging of subsequent assembly processes into one equipment are also important trends.

In the future, there may be only three cell equipment, namely: pole piece equipment, assembly equipment and testing equipment. Of course, this is the future and the ideal of the manufacturers. It requires the joint efforts and progress of materials, battery production and equipment.

Battery production process and battery structure simplification

The equipment in each process section of the lithium battery production process significantly affects battery performance, and the length of the battery production process affects the consistency and controllability of battery cell preparation. The simplification of sheet making and cell forming process is a successful example.

The birth of equipment such as rolling and slitting integrated machine, die-cutting and winding integrated machine, and die-cutting and laminating integrated machine has simplified the process on the one hand and increased the closed-loop control of equipment. On the other hand, it reduces the loss cost caused by the complicated transportation route of raw materials, and saves manpower.

Battery production process and battery structure simplification

The structural optimization around battery performance and battery production will bring about earth-shaking changes in the future development of the battery industry. For example, the shape, size and pole connection of the battery case change with the performance, manufacturing, and connection requirements, and the internal current collector and pole change according to the requirements of battery recycling.

Conclusion

With the continuous expansion of demand for new energy lithium battery applications, leading lithium top 100 manufacturers have achieved scale through continuous expansion to reduce costs, and put forward higher requirements for battery production line technology, performance, and production efficiency.

Lithium battery equipment plays a key role in the continuous improvement of lithium battery production technology, lithium battery yield and production efficiency. Innovation ability is the core capability of battery production process. The update and iteration of lithium battery equipment and further breakthroughs in lithium battery production technology require close cooperation.

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