Types of lead acid battery

Types of lead acid battery - to understand different aspect of the battery

Nowadays, electric motorcycles have gradually become one of the best-selling travel tools, and lithium ion motorcycle battery, as the power source of electric motorcycles, are also developing rapidly.
 
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There are various types of lead acid battery on the market today. What’s the difference between them? How to choose? Will they be replaced by lithium batteries?

This article will give you a detailed introduction to the types of lead acid battery and predict the future possibilities of lead-acid batteries.

Lead-acid battery introduction

Ordinary lead-acid battery is a storage battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution.

Lead-acid batteries are a common type of battery with the following features:

Heavy weight: Since lead-acid batteries use lead and its oxides as electrodes, they are heavier than other batteries.

Low Cost: Compared to other batteries, lead-acid batteries are relatively cheap to manufacture.lead acid battery introduction

Cycle life: Compared with lithium batteries, the cycle life of lead-acid batteries is very short, only about 300 times

Low energy density: Taking ternary lithium battery as an example, the energy density of lead-acid batteries is only one-third of that

Types of lead-acid batteries have their own application scenarios in different fields.

Lead-acid batteries are used as on-board batteries in automobiles to supply starting current and power support; they are also used as backup power sources in emergency power supplies to provide support when the primary power source fails, such as in the case of emergency lights.

In general, although lead-acid batteries have some disadvantages, their cost is low, so they are also a relatively common type of battery.

Flooded lead-acid battery

Flooded lead-acid batteries, also known as wet batteries, which is one of typical types of lead acid battery.

A flooded lead-acid battery is one in which the space within the battery compartment is completely filled with a sulfuric acid electrolyte after the plates, separators, and other solid components have been removed.Flooded lead-acid battery

The battery plates are completely submerged in the sulfuric acid electrolyte. The electrolyte is in an excess state and directly participates in the charge and discharge reactions of the battery.

Flooded lead-acid batteries are known for their low cost and long life, but they require frequent maintenance.

AGM battery

The full name of AGM battery is adsorption glass fiber separator battery. The interior of the battery uses absorbent glass fiber cotton as a separator, which can fully absorb sufficient electrolyte.AGM battery

Through the tight fitting of lean liquid, the active material is fixed in the glass fiber mat to prevent the active material from falling off, and at the same time, no electrolyte flow inside is maintained.

This largely avoids the phenomenon of “electrolyte stratification” in the battery and enables the battery to have higher capacity stability during the electrochemical reaction cycle. In this way, no matter whether the AGM battery is placed vertically or horizontally, it can work normally.

Gel battery

Gel batteries are a developmental classification of lead-acid batteries. The method is to add a gelling agent to the sulfuric acid to make the sulfuric acid electrolyte into a colloidal state. A battery in which the electro-hydraulic is in a colloidal state is usually called a colloidal battery.

The difference between gel batteries and conventional lead-acid batteries is from the initial understanding of electrolyte gelation, to the study of the electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte infrastructure, and the application and promotion of grids and active materials.gel battery

Its most important feature is to manufacture better batteries with less industrial cost. Its discharge curve is straight and the inflection point is high.

It has more than 20% more energy and power than conventional lead-acid batteries. The life of gel batteries is generally about twice as long as that of conventional lead-acid batteries. High temperature and low temperature characteristics are better.

Comparison of different types of lead acid battery

Gel lead-acid batteries have the same performance as ordinary lead-acid batteries. It’s just that one of the electrolytes in the battery is in a latex-like semi-solidified state, and the other is in a liquid state.

Ordinary lead-acid batteries in liquid state need to be maintained by adding distilled water from time to time during use, and gel batteries and AGM batteries do not need to be maintained by adding distilled water.comparion of lead acid battery

The disadvantage of colloidal lead-acid batteries is that they cannot be drawn and discharged by a large current, and cannot be used for starting and ignition of cars.

However, ordinary lead-acid batteries are too cumbersome to use, and water needs to be added when charging. AGM batteries can be applied to high-current traction discharge, but they are not capable of long-term high-efficiency output.

Will lithium batteries replace lead-acid batteries in the future?

Lithium battery technology is one of the fastest growing battery technologies in recent years. With the popularity of electric motorcycles and the rapid development of the industry, people’s demand for high battery life and more convenient riding methods is increasing.

However, different types of lead-acid batteries cannot meet these requirements because their energy density and cycle life are inferior to lithium batteries.

At the same time, the maturity of the battery swapping station business model has further broadened the application market of lithium batteries.Will lithium batteries replace lead-acid batteries in the future

Compared with lead-acid batteries, the advantage of lithium batteries is that the charging rate is higher. In addition, using a power exchange cabinet can save the cost of purchasing batteries.

Although the price of lithium batteries is higher than that of lead-acid batteries, there is no need to buy batteries when using a power exchange cabinet. The promotion of this business model has also made lead-acid batteries further lose their market competitiveness.

Therefore, lithium batteries are expected to gradually replace lead-acid batteries as the main source of power for electric motorcycles in the future.

Summary

This article describes the types of lead acid battery, including flooded lead-acid batteries, adsorbed glass fiber separator batteries, and gel batteries.

For electric motorcycle users, when purchasing batteries, they should consider factors such as the power of the electric motorcycle, usage scenarios, and budget, and choose a suitable lead-acid battery or lithium battery.

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