Why solid state lithium battery is the future

Why solid state lithium battery is the future

With the rise of electric vehicles, Top 10 power battery companies have become the focus, the research on lithium batteries has heated up again. In addition to meeting the requirements of long cruising range and high-power charging and discharging, safety is particularly important for automotive power batteries. Liquid lithium batteries are prone to spontaneous combustion and have low volumetric energy density. At present, commercial lithium-ion batteries will release a lot of heat when a short circuit occurs, which will ignite organic electro-hydraulic fluids and cause explosion hazards.

In addition to meeting the requirements of long cruising range and high-power charging and discharging, safety is particularly important for automotive power batteries

Even Tesla cars, currently considered the safest, use complex battery management systems and safeguards, and are still experiencing multiple fires and explosions in just a few short years. That’s why scientists are trying to replace this organic electrolyte with a safer one for more suitable operations. Therefore, they revealed the use of solid state lithium battery electrolytes.

What is the solid state battery

In aqueous or organic batteries, we use liquid electrolytes to facilitate ions movement and diaphragms between anode and cathode electrodes to prevent short-circuit accidents. On contrary in solid state battery, solid electrolytes are used instead of liquid electrolytes and separator. It works well at high temperature (-73℃ to120℃), as opposed to the organic electrolyte which is limited (around 60 Celsius degree). Its electrolyte is solid, with a density and structure that allows more charged ions to gather at one end, conduct greater current, and increase battery capacity.

Therefore, for the same amount of power, the solid-state battery will become smaller. Not only that, since there is no electrolyte in the solid-state battery, the storage will become easier. When used on large equipment such as automobiles, there is no need to add additional cooling pipes, electronic controls, etc., which not only saves costs, but also effectively reduces weight. So many battery manufacturers are starting to develop solid-state batteries, the solid state battery is coming, the commercial use is imminent.

What is the solid state lithium battery

When lithium ions are transported between positive and negative electrodes throughout solid membrane, it is called a solid state lithium battery. In this battery, lithium ions storing in cathode electrodes, move to the anode part during charging process. That is, during the charging process, Li+ is released from the positive electrode film and undergoes a reduction reaction in the negative electrode film through the electrolyte; the discharge process is the opposite.

What is the solid state lithium battery

Are solid state lithium batteries possible

Yes, scientists have carried out much efforts for accelerating the popularity of solid state lithium battery the near future for safety purposes. The main challenge for commercialization is the solid electrolytes have low ionic conductivity, comparing with liquid ones.

However, solid-state batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, high temperature resistance, non-volatile, non-corrosive, small size, and avoid the main weaknesses of traditional liquid lithium batteries. The capacity of solid state lithium battery has been improved in the recent years to reach near to the conventional liquid electrolyte. Therefore, it is expected it will start to replace the organic electrolyte with membrane in the market in few years.

How soon will solid state batteries be available

All famous companies have invested to launch the mass production of solid state lithium battery; however, there are still some challenges that should be adopted before this step. The main issue is The electrolyte of solid electrolyte is sensitive to air, poor solid interface contact, poor stability, etc.

A second problem is the manufacturing process is complex, the production process is immature, and the yield of finished products cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the cost of solid-state batteries is very high and the price is very expensive. Therefore, it is more difficult to mass-produce the market on a large scale.

How soon will solid state lithium battery be available

What are the pros and cons of solid state batteries

Based on that mentioned above, there are many advantages and disadvantages of solid state batteries. The strong point of solid state lithium battery is providing greater safety since it does not contain flammable electrolytes. In addition, a solid membrane prevents the short-circuit between anode and cathodes electrodes, results from lithium dendrites. The additional benefit is the lightweight, high safety, high energy density, strong cycle performance and shorter charging time, as compared a liquid one. Here you can refer the cathode material manufacturers Top 10 anode material manufacturers.

Here, lithium metal anode material has become one of the most important anode materials for all solid state lithium battery due to its high capacity and low potential while in commercial lithium battery is graphite. Another merit is the solid batteries can charger 6 times faster than conventional lithium-ion batteries.

Although these strengths, solid batteries still suffer from sever weaknesses, like volume expansion during charging and discharge due to using lithium metal as an anode. The manufacture cost of membrane is still high and complicated. In addition, the battery’s life is still short compared with liquid type since there is a poor contact between all solid components of the battery cause the interface impedance to be too large.

How soon will solid state lithium battery be available

What materials do solid state batteries use

The solid batteries have the same configuration of the liquid types but both liquid electrolyte and diaphragm are replaced by solid membrane. Usually in solid state lithium battery, Solid-state lithium battery technology uses glass compounds made of lithium, sodium, etc. as conductive substances, the anode is lithium metal and the cathode is lithium material like Lithium. In terms of a solid electrolyte, it is fabricated from ceramic or polymer materials, which allow the lithium-ion transport during charge and discharge like lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide. However, this material needs some modification to provide battery’s behavior.

Does Tesla have solid state battery

Tesla has unveiled its planes for revealing prototype production solid state battery in the electric car in 2025. Based on the official news from the owner, this battery will be able to recycle and extract the heavy metals for more sustainability. The fast charge rate and light weight of solid state lithium battery encourage the automakers to go ahead in this direction and invest more money. Besides Tesla, many lithium-ion battery manufacturers are also planning to use solid-state batteries, you can read Top 10 solid-state battery companies to know more.

Does Tesla have solid state lithium battery

Will solid state batteries replace lithium ion

All personnel on the battery field expected the solid battery will be used instead of lithium-ion battery (liquid) due to absolute safety and energy density purposes. Much research is carried out to increase the battery’s life and the capacity with keeping chemical and thermal stability. To avoid the volume change of lithium metal anode, other materials are under testing and improvement to provide mechanical stability.

Do solid state batteries use diaphragms

Indeed, the solid electrolyte has two roles, it facilitates the ion transfer and separates between an anode and cathode to avoid the short-circuit issue. Therefore, the solid membrane should have enough strength to avoid lithium dendrite and enough chemical stability to not dissolve. In addition, solid state lithium battery should have high ionic conductivity for large-format application.

Do solid state lithium battery use diaphragms

Are solid state lithium ion batteries better than other batteries

There are many factors should be considered when choosing the type of battery. Solid state lithium battery has highest safety, robust and flexible comparing with other batteries since it contains fewer flammable materials and no leakage. However, it still suffers from sever problems like high cost, storing less power and shorter life-span. All these problems hinder the commercialization of the solid battery. But the scientists have aimed to further promote the energy density by utilizing alternative less expensive materials in the near future.

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