13 spans of energy storage products
Italian physicist Volta invented the first battery in 1799.Today, with the rise of cell phones, computers and electric vehicles, demand for batteries has skyrocketed.
In order to promote the growth of photovoltaic and wind power generation, large-scale energy storage power stations are being built all over the world, and the scale is constantly breaking records. The demand for batteries is still growing rapidly.
This article will introduce the energy storage scale of rechargeable energy storage products from 0.01wh to 10Gwh, spanning 13 orders of magnitude.
13 spans of energy storage products
0.01wh battery cell
The AG0 button battery is the smallest button battery, and the stored energy is on the order of 0.01wh. The battery has a diameter of 5.8mm, a height of 2.1mm, a voltage of 1.5V, a capacity of 7.5mAh, and stored energy of 0.011wh.
This battery is mostly used in quartz watches. Although the stored energy is very small, it can drive the quartz watch to work normally for 2-3 years.
0.1wh battery cell
The energy stored in the CR2032 button battery is on the order of 0.1wh.
The battery has a diameter of 20mm, a height of 3.2mm, a voltage of 3V, and a weight of 3g. The nominal capacity is usually between 40mAh and 150mAh, and the stored energy is 0.12 to 0.45wh.
The battery is mostly used in car keys, calculators, remote controls and other equipment. Other common button cell batteries are 2025 battery and 2023 battery.
1wh battery
An ordinary AA battery stores energy on the order of 1wh. The battery voltage is 1.5V, the power is usually around 800mAh, and the stored energy is 1.2wh.
Because of its small size and moderate capacity, AA batteries are widely used in many small electrical appliances and digital products.
10wh battery
The energy stored in the built-in battery of the mobile phone is on the order of 10wh. The latest iphone 14 pro Max has a built-in battery with a rated voltage of 3.87V, a capacity of 4323mah, and a stored energy of 16.7wh.
The energy stored in the 18650 battery and the 21700 battery is on the order of 10wh.
The 18650 is a typical lithium-ion battery type. Among them, 18 means a diameter of 18mm, 65 means a length of 65mm, and 0 means a cylindrical battery. The power battery cell that Tesla originally chose was 18650.
The nominal voltage of a single cell is generally 3.7V, and the conventional capacity is 2200-3400mah. Therefore, the energy stored in a single 18650 is 8.1~12.6wh.
The 21700 cell is a cylindrical lithium battery standard developed by Tesla and panasonic, which can achieve the best balance between volume and capacity to replace the 18650 battery.
The battery has a diameter of 21mm, a length of 70mm, and a weight of about 68g. It has a capacity of 4000-5500mah and a nominal energy of 14.8-20.35wh.
100wh battery
Laptop batteries store energy on the order of 100wh. For example, the battery of the 16-inch MacBook pro has a rated voltage of 11.45v, a rated capacity of 8693mah, and a stored energy of 99.6wh.
The energy stored in the 4680 battery is on the order of 100wh.
The 4680 battery is a new generation of cylindrical battery with a diameter of 46mm and a height of 80mm launched by Tesla. 4680 is a cylindrical winding cell, the overall structure is consistent with 21700 and 18650.
The 4680 battery adopts the electrodeless structure, which greatly improves the battery power, optimizes the heat dissipation performance, production efficiency, and charging speed.
The 4680 battery has a rated voltage of 3.7v, a total capacity of 26.136ah, and a total energy of 96.7wh. The energy density is 272-296wh/kg.
For BYD blade batteries, the energy stored in a single blade cell is on the order of 100wh.
Blade battery is BYD’s battery product. The battery uses lithium iron phosphate technology and will be first installed in the “Han” model. The cell size of the battery is 960*90*13.5 (unit: mm), the rated voltage is 3.2v, the capacity is 138ah, and the rated energy of the single cell is 442wh.
1kwh battery
1 kilowatt-hour of electricity is equal to 3.6×10^6 joules of energy, which is an energy that can play a major role in daily life. 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity can boil 7 kilograms of water, keep the refrigerator running for 3 days, and let the TV play 4 hours.
The energy stored in the electric bicycle battery is on the order of 1kwh.
The rated voltage of electric bicycle batteries is mostly 48v, and the mainstream rated capacities are 20Ah and 24ah. The stored energy is 0.96kwh, 1.15kwh. The energy of the mobile power source required for outdoor camping is on the order of 1kwh.
10kwh energy storage battery
Many household energy storage products are in the order of 10kwh.
In 2015, Tesla released the first-generation powerwall with a capacity of 6.4kwh.
In 2016, the second generation of powerwall 2 increased the powerwall battery capacity to 13.5kwh and integrated a battery inverter.
In 2021, the latest powerwall+ (plus) was released, also known as Tesla powerwall 3, with a capacity of 13.5kwh. In addition, a photovoltaic inverter is integrated, which is more suitable for families with new solar systems.
100kwh energy storage battery
The battery pack of electric vehicles is close to 100kwh. Due to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the shipment of products of this magnitude is very large.
The battery pack capacity of the Tesla Model 3 long-range version is 76.8kwh.
BYD Han’s battery pack has two versions of 65kwh and 77kwh, corresponding to 506 kilometers and 605 kilometers of cruising range respectively. The 65kwh battery pack has 147 blade batteries, and the 77kwh battery pack has 174 blade batteries.
1mwh energy storage system
The scale of 1,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity has exceeded the energy storage demand of households. From this level onwards, it is all commercial energy storage.
Now, most lithium-ion energy storage batteries adopt a modular design, and the size of the smallest module has exceeded 1mwh.
10mwh energy storage system
At present, the scale of photovoltaic supporting electrochemical energy storage projects is mostly on the order of 10mwh.
According to statistics, in 2022, China will newly put into operation 194 electrochemical energy storage power stations.
The total energy is 7.86gwh, accounting for 60.16% of the total energy of power plants that have been put into operation, a year-on-year increase of 175.81%. The average energy of each power station is 40mwh.
100mwh energy storage system
100Mwh is a large-scale energy storage project.
On October 30, 2022, the first phase of dalian constant current energy storage power station, the world’s largest capacity liquid flow battery energy storage power station, was officially connected to the grid.
This time the grid connection is the first phase of the 100mw/400mwh project. The investment in the first phase of the project is about 1.9 billion yuan. It is the flow battery energy storage system with the largest power and capacity in the world.
1gwh energy storage system
The 1gwh-scale energy storage project is a very large-scale electrochemical energy storage project.
The world’s largest micro-grid energy storage project – Saudi Red Sea 1.3gwh micro-grid energy storage project.
The Middle East has a long sunshine time and a large desert area, which has natural advantages for the construction of solar storage projects.
However, the hard climate of high temperature, high humidity, high salt fog, and the complete desert scene, as well as the high technical requirements of 100% solar storage energy supply, have created significant hurdles in transportation, construction, and system installation.
10gwh energy storage system
Fengning pumped storage power station is the largest pumped storage power station in the world. The upper reservoir has a storage capacity of 58 million cubic meters and the lower reservoir has a storage capacity of 60.7 million cubic meters, with a drop of 425 meters.
The total installed capacity of the project is 3.6 million kilowatts (3.6gw), and it can store nearly 40 million kilowatt-hours (40gwh) of new energy at one time. The project is known as the world’s largest “super power bank”.
100gwh energy storage system
Human beings already have the production capacity of 100gwh batteries.
In 2022, CATL sold 289gwh of lithium-ion batteries, including 242gwh of power battery systems.
The global demand for power batteries and energy storage batteries is growing rapidly, and will enter the 1twh level in 2023.
1twh energy storage system
Driven by power, energy storage, and consumer demand, it is expected that the global demand for lithium batteries will exceed 1twh (terawatt-hour) for the first time in 2023, reaching 1.26twh.
But this is far from enough to establish a low-carbon energy system dominated by wind power and photovoltaics.
Assuming that the price of electrochemical energy storage can still drop, referring to the cost of pumped storage at 500 RMB/kwh, 240twh of energy storage requires an investment of 135 trillion RMB.
1pwh energy storage system
In 2022, China’s full-scale power generation capacity was 8.8 trillion kwh (8.8pwh), accounting for about 30% of the world’s total power generation capacity, ranking first in the world.
Pwh is the magnitude of the annual power generation of a large energy country. To meet the global energy storage demand, it may not take the order of pwh.
